This page explains how to use the general AdvectionReactionSolver from the Elmer distribution to get the density evolution in case of a compressible material (snow/firn) under a given velocity field computed from the Porous Solver. The AdvectionReactionSolver solves the general equation
where is the velocity vector. In the particular case of the mass conservation equation, one has therefore and . Solving for the true density (kg/m^3) or the relative density is equivalent (but limit values and Dirichlet boundary conditions have to be set accordingly).
Note 1: equation (4.1) in the Elmer Model Manual for the AdvectionReaction sover is not correct. The previous equation is the one implemented.
Note 2: Have a look to this post on the Elmer Forum regarding the initialisation of both the DG primary and exported variables of the AdvectionReaction solver (see the example at the end of this page).
The Solver section looks as
Solver 8 Equation = "AdvReact" Exec Solver = "After Timestep" Procedure = File "AdvectionReaction" "AdvectionReactionSolver" ! this is the DG variable, which is not part of the output Variable = -nooutput "DGdens" ! this tells that the solver is run on DG mesh Discontinuous Galerkin = Logical True ! the solver can account for upper and lower limits of the variable ! imposed by formulation of an variational inequality (VI) ! next line switches the VI to be accounted for Limit Solution = Logical True Linear System Solver = Iterative Linear System Iterative Method = BiCGStab Linear System Max Iterations = 1000 Linear System Preconditioning = ILU1 Linear System Convergence Tolerance = 1.0e-06 ! Variational inequality makes it a non-linear problem Nonlinear System Max Iterations = 40 Nonlinear System Min Iterations = 2 Nonlinear System Convergence Tolerance = 1.0e-04 ! This is the variable that is used to interpolate ! the DG solution to the regular FEM mesh in order ! to get a correct output Exported Variable 1 = Relative Density Exported Variable 1 DOFS = 1 End
The source in case of the mass conservation equation is 0
Body Force 1 ... DGDens Source = Real 0.0 End
Initial and boundary conditions are then being set for the DG variable and not the exported one!
Initial Condition 1 ... DGDens = Real 0.4 End ! only Dirichlet BC can be set ! the solver automatically uses this ! condition only on inflow boundaries ! outflow boundaries are ignored Boundary Condition 2 Name = "surf" Target Boundaries = 2 Body ID = 2 ... ! relative density on the upper surface DGDens = Real 0.4 End
The Material section contains a zero reaction rate as well as the upper/lower limit for the DG variable
Material 1 .. ! Relative density must stay < 1 DGDens Upper Limit = Real 1.0 ! a minimum relative density is recommended for the Porous solver DGDens Lower Limit = Real 0.3 !Reaction rate is equal to zero DGDens Gamma = Real 0.0 End
A 1D example build from an analytical solution can be found in [ELMER_TRUNK]/elmerice/Tests/Density
. In that case, the velocity and density are inversely proportional (u(z) = K/D(z)).
A 3D example coupling the Porous Solver and the calculation of the density field can be found in [ELMER_TRUNK]/elmerice/Tests/DGsolver
.